National Water Development Agency (NWDA)



The National Water Development Agency (NWDA), was setup in 1982 as an Autonomous Society under the societies registration act 1860.
It was established to carry out the water balance and other studies on a scientific and realistic basis for optimum utilization of water resources of the Peninsular river system.
In the year 1990, NWDA was also entrusted with the task of Himalayan Component of National Perspective Plan (NPP), prepared by Central Water Commission and the then Ministry of Irrigation, now Ministry of Jal Shakti.


In 2006, it was decided that NWDA will explore the feasibility of Intra-States links and to take up the work for preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) of river link proposals under the NPP.
In 2016, NWDA was given the responsibility to undertake implementation of ILR projects and completion of water resources projects under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY). 

Goods and Services Tax


Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax (or consumption tax) imposed in India on the supply of goods and services. It is a comprehensive multistage, destination based tax.
Comprehensive because it has subsumed almost all the indirect taxes except a few.
Multi-staged as it is imposed at every step in the production process, but is meant to be refunded to all parties in the various stages of production other than the final consumer.
A destination based tax, as it is collected from point of consumption and not point of origin like previous taxes.
Tax slabs:Goods and services are divided into five different tax slabs for collection of tax - 0%, 5%, 12%, 18% and 28%.
Exemptions: However, petroleum products, alcoholic drinks, and electricity are not taxed under GST and instead are taxed separately by the individual state governments, as per the previous tax regime.


GST Council


GST Council is the governing body of GST. It is headed by the Union finance minister, who is assisted by the finance ministers of all the states of India.
It is an apex member committee to modify, reconcile or to procure any law or regulation based on the context of goods and services tax in India.
It is also responsible for revision of rates of the goods and services in India. 

About: International Organisation for Migration (IOM)



Established in 1951, IOM is the leading inter-governmental organization in the field of migration and works closely with governmental, intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.
IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society.
In 2016, IOM became a Related Organization of the UN.
The Agreement outlines a closer relationship between IOM and the UN to strengthen the cooperation and enhance their ability to fulfil their respective mandates in the interest of migrants and Member States.
Through the Agreement, the UN recognizes IOM as an indispensable actor in the field of human mobility.
As of March 2019, it has  173 member states, and a further 8 states holding observer status.
Headquarters‎: ‎Geneva, Switzerland
IOM works to:
Help ensure orderly and humane management of migration
Promote international cooperation on migration issues
Assist in the search for practical solutions to migration problems
Provide humanitarian assistance to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced people.
IOM activities include the promotion of international migration law, policy debate and guidance, protection of migrants' rights, migration health and the gender dimension of migration.